It has become evident during the past few years that homocysteine (Hcy), a sulfur-containing amino acid involved in methionine metabolism, is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease - joining the ranks of dyslipidemia, hypertension and smoking. An elevated level of Hcy in the blood increases the risk of atherosclerosis, and consequently heart attacks and strokes. Hcy causes direct damage to the lining of blood vessels, weakening them and opening them to the accumulation of plaque. There is also some evidence to suggest that Hcy may be a thrombogenic agent that triggers the formation of blood clots. Interestingly, it was recognized more than 30 years ago that individuals with an inborn error of metabolism, cystathionine betasynthase deficiency, had a 50 to 100-fold elevation in circulating Hcy and excreted large amounts of Hcy in the urine. Premature vascular disease and implicated subclinical deficiencies of B-vitamins are contributing factors. It was estimated that a 5 umol/L increase in serum Hcy is associated with 60 to 80% increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Homocysteine has also been linked to Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and osteoporosis.

ROLE FOR ANTI-AGING: Not applicable

DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS: Not applicable

THERAPEUTIC DAILY AMOUNT: Not applicable

MAXIMUM SAFE LEVEL: Not applicable

Not applicable