The Longevity Report: What’s New In Longevity Medicine & Research | Fall 2023

The Latest Advancements in Longevity Medicine Research: Fall 2023 

“Lactobacillus paracasei HII01 enhances lifespan and promotes neuroprotection in Caenorhabditis elegans”

Published on October 4, 2023 in Scientific Reports

A new study highlights the potential of probiotics, particularly Lactobacillus paracasei HII01, in the fight for healthy aging and the prevention of age-related diseases. The potential for probiotics to provide safer alternatives to other drugs lies in their ability to tailor treatments to each person’s specific gut microbiome.

Among the probiotics studied—L. paracasei HII01, L. rhamnosus, L. reuteri, and L. salivarius—was their effect on the longevity of the Caenorhabditis elegans model organism. The results showed that in the C. elegans model, L. paracasei HII01 had the most positive effects on longevity and anti-aging.

Insightful molecular investigations using qPCR and mutant-based studies suggested that L. paracasei HII01 may modulate the DAF-16 mediated pathway, contributing to lifespan extension. The results indicate that L. piracies HII01 could be a useful dietary supplement for promoting healthy aging and warding off diseases associated with aging. This study adds to the growing body of evidence about the benefits of probiotics for health and longevity as we move through the terrain of individualized health care.

Key takeaways: In Caenorhabditis elegans, L. paracasei HII01 showed impressive effects on longevity and anti-aging, establishing itself as a powerful ally for longevity. Discovered as a possible dietary supplement, this probiotic shows promise for optimized aging and disease prevention.

“CD133+ endothelial-like stem cells restore neovascularization and promote longevity in progeroid and naturally aged mice”

Published on November 9, 2023 in Nature Aging 

An exciting new chapter in stem cell research has begun as a pioneering study sets out to unveil further underlying mechanisms of aging.

The research finds a group of CD133+ endothelial-like cells (ELCs) derived from bone marrow by using exact lineage tracing in conjunction with single-cell transcriptomics. In vitro, these CD133+ ELCs contribute to tubular structures; in vivo, they orchestrate neovascularization, demonstrating their competence as prospective endothelial progenitor cells.

Supplementation with wild-type and young ELCs reestablished neovascularization and increased longevity in both progeroid and aged mice. A key player in isoprenoid biosynthesis, farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS) is upregulated in aged CD133+ ELCs, which is the focus of the study’s mechanical analysis.

These results indicate that stem cell-based approaches have great promise as a cure for progeria and other age-related diseases. These meaningful results pave the way for further exploration of stem cell-based interventions and their potential to become novel treatments for accelerated human aging conditions.

Key takeaways: The discovery of CD133+ endothelial-like cells has transformed our view of aging and may hold the key to eternal youth. In both progeroid and aged mice, these cells bring back neovascularization and make them live longer. Research like this highlights the promise of stem cell-based approaches to treating age-related diseases and progeria.

“Sitagliptin Extends Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by Inhibiting Insulin/Insulin-Like Signaling and Activating Dietary Restriction-Like Signaling Pathways”

Published on November 10, 2023 in Gerontology 

Sitagliptin phosphate (SIT) is an oral medication used to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D). A new study reveals the unexpected potential of this drug in the quest to find the secrets to a longer and healthier life.

Although SIT is most known for its ability to lower blood sugar levels, it has also attracted attention for the health benefits it may provide. The effects of SIT on healthspan and lifespan were investigated in the study, which used Caenorhabditis elegans as an aging model.

The healthspan and lifespan of C. elegans were both significantly increased by SIT. The study went into the molecular landscape and found that transcription factors DAF-16/FOXO, SKN-1/NRF2, and HSF-1 are important in SIT-induced longevity.

The study’s findings suggest that anti-diabetes drugs, such as SIT, could potentially develop into anti-aging medicines. This possibility opens up new possibilities in the dynamic field of anti-aging research, and it becomes especially noteworthy when applied to the treatment of age-related diseases in diabetic patients.

Key Takeaways: A common medication for type 2 diabetes, sitagliptin, is an unexpected anti-aging contender. It demonstrates promise by extending healthspan and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans and by blocking insulin signaling while activating critical pathways linked to dietary restriction and mitochondrial function.

“Isoleucine dietary restriction boosts healthspan and longevity in mice”

Published on December 6, 2023 in Nature Aging

Low-protein diets promote health and longevity in diverse species, and previous research has shown that the three branched-chain amino acids (namely, leucine, isoleucine, and valine) are critical regulators of healthy aging.

Emerging research reveals that restricting these branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) may recapitulate many anti-aging benefits.

A recent study published in Nature Aging examined the effects of isoleucine restriction (IlER) specifically on healthy aging in mice; its findings showed that restricting dietary isoleucine extended lifespan in male C57BL/6J mice.

While limiting all three BCAAs increased lifespan in males, the metabolic benefits in young animals varied. Specifically, isoleucine restriction alone improved metabolic health in young males, indicating it was sufficient to impart the full metabolic advantages of protein restriction.

Scientific evidence also confirms that IlER enhances metabolic health and hepatic metabolism in both male and female mice, with effects dependent on sex and age. Importantly, IlER demonstrates a reduction in frailty and extension of lifespan more substantially in males.

Key Takeaways: The research highlights the potential of isoleucine restriction as a geroprotective strategy to promote healthy aging, leanness, and glycemic control in genetically diverse mice. It also raises the prospect of pharmacological approaches that mimic IlER to increase healthspan and longevity.

“Organ aging signatures in the plasma proteome track health and disease”

Published on December 6, 2023 in Nature

The concept of individual organ aging rates is not new. However, a recent study published in Nature adds to the growing body of evidence by examining human plasma proteomes for organ aging signatures to identify methods for quantifying the organ-specific aging process.

The researchers utilized levels of blood plasma proteins originating from specific organs to measure organ-specific aging differences among study participants. By analyzing dynamic alterations in proteome profiles throughout the lifespan, they revealed undulating changes characterized by unique patterns of protein abundance and crosstalk.

The team analyzed aging in 11 major organs using machine learning models, consistently estimating organ age across five independent cohorts of 5,676 adults.

Notably, approximately 20% of adults displayed accelerated aging in a specific organ, with 1.7% exhibiting acceleration in multiple organs, translating to a 20–50% higher mortality risk.

The findings also linked accelerated organ aging to specific diseases. For example, those with accelerated heart aging had 250% higher heart failure risk, while accelerated brain and vascular aging independently predicted Alzheimer’s disease progression as strongly as the best current blood biomarker.

Additionally, this research introduces a simple and interpretable plasma proteomics method for studying organ aging, shedding light on proteome dynamics and their implications for healthy aging and combating age-related disease.

Key Takeaways: This study demonstrates that plasma proteome profiles change intricately across life, offering insights into accelerated organ aging. The identified disease risks associated with organ aging acceleration, including heart failure and Alzheimer’s, demonstrate the clinical value of plasma proteomics in understanding aging and predicting outcomes. These findings advance our knowledge of proteome dynamics and healthy aging, with potential applications for personalized risk assessment and prediction.

The longevity sector delivered remarkable scientific progress in Q4 at an exponential pace. Recent insights improve our understanding of the biological mechanisms of aging, reinforcing the view that aging is treatable.

We close 2023 with optimism as research pioneers bring us closer to widely accessible longevity interventions and advance age-related disease prevention.

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